SCHOLAR ISLAND
Crime
"What most needed explanation, it seemed to me, was not why some people are criminals but why most people are not."James Q. Wilson
The Moral Sense
"Fear succeeds crime-it is punishment."
-Voltaire
"He'd forgotten just how addictive crime can be. Repeat offenders are motivated more by withdrawal symptoms than necessity."
-Sue grafton
"Crime is a logical extension of the sort of behavior that is often considered perfectly respectable in legitimate business."
Robert Rice
The Business of Crime
"Motives having to do with money or sex account for 99% of the crimes committed in the United States, but those with money as their object outpoint sexual offenses by a ratio of 4 to 1"
Lewis H. Lapham
"If I had my time over again, I do the same thing, only Id do it legal. Too late I learned that you need just as good a brain to make a crooked million as an honest million."
Lucky Luciano
"A criminal is a person with predatory instincts without sufficient capital to form a corporation."
Howard Scott
"Physicians and other health care providers stole more money .than all the robbers, burglars , and other assorted thieves responsible for crime on the streets."
Harold Pepinsky & Paul Jesslow
"Crime and bad lives are the measure of a State's failure, all crime in the end is the crime of the community."
-H.G. Wells (1866-1946)
The Works of H.G. Wells
"The idea that has done the greatest harm to American audiences, especially to youths, is the notion that film violence provides a safe outlet for hostility and pent-up aggression; that it functions as a safety valve; that it provides a vicarious satisfaction, thus preventing violent acts; that it has a cathartic effect by relieving tensions that might otherwise explode into real action. It is interesting how many intelligent and educated people have fallen for this belief that the representation of sadistic scenes prevents the execution of sadistic acts. This whole conception is completely unsubstantiated clinically and experimentally, On the contrary, research shows that mass media violence, including movies, acts not as a substitute but as a stimulus."
Dr. Frederic Wertham
The Journal of the Producers Guild of America Dec 1967
"Chances that a death row convict in America will be found innocent before the execution is carried out: 1 in 7
-from the Economist(Nov.28,1998)
"Most of the trouble in the world is caused by people wanting to be important."
T.S. Eliot
"Almost all crime is due to the repressed desire for aesthetic expression."
-Evelyn Waugh (1903-66)
"There is a point in the history of society when it becomes so pathologically soft and tender that among other things it sides even with those who harm it, criminals, and does this quite seriously and honestly. Punishing somehow seems unfair to it, and it is certain that imagining "punishment" and "being supposed to punish" hurts it, arouses fear in it, "Is it not enough to render him undangerous? Why still punish? Punishing itself is terrible," With this question, herd morality, the morality of timidity draws its ultimate consequence."
Friedrich Nietzsche
Beyond Good and Evil
"Crime is rampant because the law-abiding , each of us, condone it, permit it, submit to it. We permit and encourage it because we do not fight back immediately, then and there, where it happens .The defect is there, in our character. We are a nation of cowards and shirkers."
Jeffery Snyder
"A Nation of Cowards"
Public Interest Quarterly fall 93
"Society secretly wants crime, needs crime, and gains definite satisfactions from the present mishandling of it! The crime and punishment ritual is a part of our lives. We need crimes to wonder at, to enjoy vicariously, to discuss and speculate about, and to publicly deplore. We need criminals to identify ourselves with, to envy secretly, and to punish stoutly. They do for us the forbidden, illegal things we wish to do and , like the scapegoats of old, they bear the burdens of our displaced guilt and punishment."
Dr. Karl Menninger
"There is no need for any dilution of individual rights that took centuries to achieve. The murders striking the most terror in the hearts of people during this century have not been serial killers like Ted Bundy. They have been governments that have killed millions of their citizens in the name of social order. The authors of the Bill of Rights knew the danger and drafted a document for our protection. We should not let panic about crime erode it."
Joseph McNamara (former police Chief Of San Jose, Ca. LA Times April 17,1994)
"Self-defense is justly called the primary law of nature, so it is not, neither can it be in fact, taken away by the laws of society.
Sir William Blackstone
"Like art and politics, gangsterism is a very important avenue of assimilation into society.
E.L. Doctorow
International Herald Tribune (Paris 1 Oct. 1990)
"My rackets are run on strictly American lines and theyre going to stay that way.
Al Capone
"Stripped of ethical rationalizations and philosophical pretensions, a crime is anything that group in power chooses to prohibit
Freda Adler
"There is no society known where a more or less developed criminality is not found under different forms. No people exists whose morality is not daily infringed upon. We must therefore call crime necessary and declare that it cannot be non-existent, that the fundamental conditions of social organizations, as they understood, logically imply it.
Emile Durkheim
"No punishment has ever possessed enough power of deterrence to prevent the commission of crimes. On the contrary, whatever the punishment, once a specific crime has appeared for the first time, it reappearance is more likely than its initial emergence could ever have been."
Hannah Arendt
Eichman in Jerusalem
" Most of the crimes which disturb the internal peace of society are produced by the necessary but unequal laws of property imposed on the appetites of mankind, by confining to a few the possession of those objects that are coveted by the many."
Edward Gibbon
"Americas obsession with wealth, and its pathology of greed, breed crime. If traditional modes of deterrence are to be effective antidotes to criminal conduct then a corporate polluter whose greed based conduct deliberately produces horrendous health problems for nearby residents must receive the same harsh prison penalties now consigned to gun-toting ghetto crack dealers. Double standards where the polluter is fined while the crack dealer is confined produces disrespect for the law which ripples across class lines.
Linn Washington Jr.
"Those searching for answers to Americas epidemic of senseless violence might want to turn their attention from the likes of pulp fiction to more insidious evils-perhaps manganese, lead, and cadmium. Or so suggests a controversial new report linking environmental pollution to criminal behavior. "Ive been called everything from a genetic determinist to an environmental wacko," says Roger Masters, a Dartmouth College government professor whose study will appear as a chapter in this month Environmental toxicology: current developments. "People say, "if you do this research, someone will plead not guilty by reason of environmental pollution, " According to Masters findings, "Pollution interacts with poverty, poor diet, alcohol or drug use, and social stress, to put some individuals at risk for sub clinical toxicity, leading to a loss of impulse control and increased violent crime," Translation? Inhale too many toxic fumes and things can get ugly. Predictably, no everyone in the scientific community is convinced-especially given the fact that Masters based his research on statistics rather than actual case studies. "Scientifically, his theory doesnt hold water," says Peter Breggin, director of the Maryland based International Center for the Study of Psychiatry and Psychology. "I doubt well ever be able to pinpoint violence to a biological factor. To do so would be to avoid looking at all the other relevant social and economic factors that contribute to crime." While Masters agrees that continued research is essential, he also says he wont be bullied into backing down. "Ill admit its risky business," he says "but I think Im on to a factor thats doubling the crime rates in American cities."
"I submit to you a very simple hypothesis; it is that stress, and the anxiety which it produces, is the cause of much, if not all, criminal behavior."
Dr. Arthur Anderson
(former director of the Criminal Justice Division Arkansas)
"Day by day, victims of violent crime in almost any large U.S. city outnumber the casualties of all international terrorists in any given year .why do we show such indignation over foreign terrorists and such tolerance for the domestic variety."
Chief Justice Warren E. Berger
A Corporate Welfare Scheme
Convict labor is essentially a gigantic corporate welfare scheme: costs are socialized and only companies tied into the prison-industrial complex profit. Competing enterprises and workers lose.
Imprisoned workers have virtually no bargaining power with their employers, ensuring below-market wages. In some cases, employers simply replace their entire workforce with forced labor; in 1994, for example, Lockhart Technologies closed its circuit board assembly plant near Austin, Texas, laying off 150 employees, and moved the entire operation into a nearby prison.
Jess Walker, Liberty, July 1996
"Prison labor was one thing on which everyone could agree. Beaumont and Tocqueville were impressed by the results of this consensus. In their interview of prisoners they noted, "There was not a single one among them who did not speak of labor with a kind of gratitude, and who did not express the idea that without the relief of constant occupation, life would be insufferable." In one striking observation, the two scholars noted how the conflicting rationales of the predominant penal philosophies seemed to dissolve in their shared endorsement of prison labor, coalescing into a practical philosophical synthesis. "But if it be true that the radical reformation of a depraved person is only an accidental instead of being a natural consequence of the penitentiary system, it is nevertheless true that there is another kind of reformation, less thorough than the former, but yet useful for society, and which the system we treat of seems to produce in a natural way." This "less thorough" reformation came from work. Work not only punished and deterred the offender; it helped to reform him spiritually. These "habits of order .influence very considerably his moral conduct after his return to society.
Crime and the sacking of America
Prison Reinforces Criminal Attitudes
While the public trends to believe that prison will teach the offender al lesson and he will no longer commit crimes, in reality the opposite is more often the truth. Prison reinforces crime patterns and makes the offenders more likely to repeat crimes, especially violent ones.
The nationwide recidivism (or return) rate for prison inmates is 70 percent, and graduates of our prison system usually progress toward more serious crimes. This is because prison inmates must learn and adhere to an "inmate code" to survive. This code emphasizes racism, retaliatory violence and predatory attitudes regarding sex and property.
Robert W. Winslow, San Diego Union-Tribune, August 28, 1994
"Tougher isnt always smarter," says former deputy attorney general, Philip Heymann, who resigned last week. But "its almost politically suicidal for people to stand up and demand common sense in dealing with crime. Says Frank Cullen, president of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences: "Were pursuing policies in criminal justice that have no scientific support whatsoever."
(USA Today, 2/7/94)
"The modern world is wicked, because it is civilized. What is special shameful and pitiless in modern punishment is not the severity of the punishment; it is the continuity of the punishment. The modern philosophers say that they do not like the idea of everlasting punishment in the other world. Let them rest content. They have created everlasting punishment in this world. What is frightful about modern punishment is exactly that it is as logical as Calvinism. Its horror is that it is rational, that it remembers, that it treats the man who has broken trust as for ever untrustworthy. There may be something in this which pleases those who have Calvinistic, Materialistic, or Theosophical minds, minds that enjoy the recurrence of an unforgiving, that is, a dead, law. But you and I only have the tradition of Christian charity, and we should say, Beat the man about with a great stick and then let him go free for ever. It will be a terrible thing in the modern world if the making of punishment mild only means making it eternal. To be in hot hell for ever is bad enough; to be in tepid hell forever and to be asked to admit the humane temperature-that is intolerable."
G.K. Chesterton
"Lawlessness is most often associated with crime and riots, but there is lawlessness and corruption in all the major institutions of our society-matched by an indifference to responsibility and consequences, and a pervasive hypocrisy that refuses to acknowledge the facts that are everywhere visible."
Charles A. Reich
The Greening of America
"You can get farther with a kind word and a gun than you can with kind word alone."
Al Capone
"Prisons dont rehabilitate, they dont punish, they dont protect, so what the hell do they do?"
Jerry Brown
"The alternative to forgiveness, but by no means its opposite, is punishment, and both have in comm9n that they attempt to put an end to something that without interference could go on endlessly."
Hannah Arendt
"I have mentioned floggers. There are traces of the shipper in almost every man. But then, the bestial side does not develop equally in all men. If the beast in a man overpowers all his other sides, he becomes horrible, monstrous."
Dostoevsky
House of the Dead
"If a man destroy the eye of another man, they shall destroy his eye."
Code of Hammurabi
"If Justice and righteousness perish, human life would no longer have any value in the world."
Kant
Science of Right
"Justice without mercy is cruelty; mercy without justice is the mother of dissolution."
Thomas Aquinas
"Society, by setting forth clear penalties for certain kinds of conduct set its public ratification of moral judgment that this is wrong behavior and that it is deserving of punishment irrespective of whether the punishment will deter, rehabilitate of anything else. It is a way of society of defining what is wrong and what is seriously wrong.""
Jerry Brown
"Today there are more thousands of ways which in which Americans can break federal law than anyone can count; not just as misdemeanors either, but as felonies...Because so many regulations are so unconnected to anything resembling right or wrong, people who want to be law-abiding find themselves picking and choosing the laws that they deem worthy of respect. It is a pernicious process regardless of whether they get caught caught when they break the rules. People who feel compelled to judge laws on a case-by-case basis have attached provisos to one of their most basic civic loyalties."
Charles Murray
"Fear of punishment stains all ill-gotten gains. Damage and Force ensnare their users, and will generally recoil on him who first sets them in motion. For one who breaks the common bonds of peace by wrongdoing, it is not easy to conduct a calm and quiet life. For, even though he may deceive both gods and humankind, he must forever fear that his wrongdoings will come out in the open as indeed, many are said to have dragged into the open, by talking in their sleep or fevered racings, crimes long since covered up, and published then."
Lucretius
"It is both illogical and inconsistent for a government to say people have a right to life, and to self-defense but no right to own the tools necessary to defend their lives.
It is illogical for a government that says its police have no obligation to provide individual protection to deny people the means to protect themselves.
It is immoral for a government that repeatedly releases predators to prey on people to tell those victims they cannot have a weapon for self-defense.
Its stupid for a government that cant control criminals, drugs or illegal immigrants to claim it can take guns away from criminals only if honest folk will give up theirs.
Gun-control proposals are also an insult. Gun control by definition affects only honest people. When a politician tells you he wants to forbid you from owning a firearm or force you to get a license, he is telling you he doesnt trust you. Thats an insult.
The government trusted me with an M-48 tank and assorted small arms when it claimed to have need of my services. It trusts common Americans with all kinds of arms when it wants them to go kill foreigners somewhere usually for the financial benefit of some corporations.
But when the men and women take off their uniforms and return to their homes and assume responsibility for their own and their families safety, suddenly the politicians dont trust them to own a gun. This is pure elitism. Elitists think we common folk are stupid or mad and that if we have a firearm, we are going to shoot the checkout girl at the supermarket when she makes a mistake on the register. Or, knowing what they intend for our future, maybe they fear we would shoot them.
The fact that gun control is an elitist effort at people control is easily verifiable. Go to New York or any big city and see who gets the gun permits. When small shopkeeper of the retail clerk actually exposed to crime? No, the elite, like William F. Buckley and the publisher of the New York Times.
Gun control is not about guns or crime. It is about a elite that fears and despises the common people."
Charley Reese
Orlando Sentinel March 31, 1994
"A criminal becomes a popular figure because he unburdens in no small degree the consciences of his fellow man, for now they know once more where evil is to be found."
Carl Jung
" Expensive illogicalities and inefficiencies do not worry the monsters of American bureaucracy, and the taxpayers are enthusiastic and eager to spend fortunes in the name of fighting crime. Prison places cost the U.S. taxpayer more that university places. The American belief that prisons are the best way to combat crimes has led to an incarceration rate that is five times that of almost any other industrialized nation. Overcrowding is endemic. Conditions are appalling, varying from windowless, sensory-deprived isolation to barren and futile brutality."
Howard Marks
Mr. Nice
Crime explosion is a myth
Myth No. 1 : High Imprisonment rates produce low crime rates.
Fact: Actually states with the lowest crime rates are those with the lowest imprisonment rates. Conversely, states with the highest crime rates are the ones with the highest imprisonment rates. Increasing the number of inmates has relatively little impact on crime.
Myth No.2: Crime rates are high because we havent been locking up enough criminals.
Fact: The number of prisoners has more than doubled in the past decade and the United States now has surpassed South Africa as the world leader in its rate of incarceration.
Myth No. 3: Longer prison sentences reduce recidivism.
Fact: There is no relationship between the length of imprisonment and inmate recidivism rates. In fact, inmates who are released early from prison have the same or lower recidivism rates as those who serve their full terms. Furthermore, offenders who are placed on probation instead of going to prison have lower re-arrest rates.
Myth No. 4: Inmates are now serving far shorter prison terms than ever before.
Fact: Since 1923, the average length of stay for prisoners has always been about two years. However because of harsher sentencing policies that were implemented in the 1980s, the average length of stay is now beginning to increase and will continue to rise over the next few years.
Myth No. 5: Offenders released from prison are responsible for most of the serious crimes committed each year.
Fact: Inmates released from prison in any given year account for only 3% to 5% of all arrests for serious crimes that occur each year.
Myth No. 6: Adding more police reduces the crime rate.
Fact: There is little relationship between the number of police per capita and crime rates.
For example, the District of Columbia has by far the greatest concentration of police officers of any large city. Yet, it has among the highest crime rates. What is important is the skill and training of the police and how they are deployed.
Myth No. 7: Most offenders sentenced to prison are violent and dangerous criminals.
Fact: Only 25% of all sentenced offenders have been convicted of a violent crime. Most offenders have committed crimes that involve no violence and little financial loss to the victim. Furthermore, most prison systems report that less than 20% of their inmates require maximum custody.
Myth No. 8: The murder rate is at an all-time high.
Fact: Although we have a very high murder rate compared to other industrialized nations, the rate of murder hasnt fluctuated very much in the past 20 years. The current rate of 9.3 murders per 100,000 population is almost identical to the rate of 9.4 in 1973.
Myth No. 9: Mandatory minimum sentences guarantee that serious criminals will go to prison.
Fact: Actually, most serious crime doesnt even result in arrest or conviction. Of those arrested, many are offered a plea bargain because of the weakness of the case or other factors. Studies show that white offenders are more likely to be offered a plea bargain without a mandatory sentence than are blacks or Hispanics.
Myth No. 10: Politicians have proposed tough crime legislation because the public uniformly favors "lock-em-up: solutions to crime.
Fact: Public opinion surveys in a number of states show that the public is supportive of alternatives to prison in appropriate cases. Nationally, four out of five Americans favor community corrections program for offenders who are not dangerous. Perhaps the most significant myth, though, is the belief that the criminal justice system holds the answer to crime. At best, the criminal justice system is only a small though important aspect of our approach to crime. The long-term solution involves building strong families and communities. Unless we make a national commitment to these kinds of policies and programs we will continue to develop public policy based on myth.
James Austin & Marc Mauer
James Austin is executive vice president of the
National Council on Crime and Delinquency, based in
San Francisco. Marc Mauer is assistant director of the
Sentencing Project, based in Washington. D.C.
(article appeared in USA TODAY)
Gunshot wounds cost the nation $2.3 billion a year in medical treatment, and almost half that sum is paid for with taxpayers dollars a study by a group of economists has found.
New York Times Wed, aug 4th, 1999
"Understanding why Vincent Van Gogh cut off his ear may provide an important new clue in explaining violent crime. Two scientists say they have strong evidence that violent rages can be sparked by the accumulation of harmful metals in the brain. Some believe the outburst that led Van Gogh to take a razor to his ear may have been triggered by metals in his paints. It is no coincidence, says one scientist, that counties with high rates of violent crime are also those at most risk from metal contamination."
From article" The Chemistry of Violence"
By Jim Wilson Popular Mechanics April 1998
" It is, in fact, so widely accepted that poverty causes crime that even to question this premise strikes many of as profoundly unfair and hardhearted. But submerged beneath these beliefs are some simple truths that must be retrieved if we are serious about understanding crime. Let us start with the first commonplace that deserves rehabilitation: most prosperous people, at least in free, egalitarian societies like America, deserve to be prosperous. Although there are certainly exceptions, the well-to-do in the United States are generally so because they have sacrificed, often greatly, to achieve a goal in the distant future. Frequently they have deferred gratifications, forfeited all income for many years while studying in college and graduate schools, worked extremely long hours and risked their entire life savings to gamble on an idea. For every well-off American who inherited his wealth, there are many more who invented or perfected goods and services that make life more convenient and pleasant for the rest of us. We, as consumers, compensate them accordingly. The prosperous, and by the same token those comfortably within the middle class, must be recognized as people who g3enerally deserve to be where they are in life, no matter how distasteful the greed and egocentrism that often propel them to the top.
An accompanying truism is harder, but even more necessary, for us to accept. Most poor people in America are poor for just reasons. That is to say, poverty is usually not a harsh, arbitrary turn of events that strikes the otherwise deserving. Instead, it is mostly the result of bad decisions. The decision to conceive a child out of wedlock, to forgo education, to quit work before obtaining alternative employment or most often a combination thereof: poverty is a capitalist societys rough but fair punishment for a series of major economic mistakes. Obviously the poor are not, by nature of their income bracket, immoral people or lousy citizens. Indeed, often their simple religiosity and contempt for middle-class yuppie self-centeredness makes them far better souls that those who succeed in the business jungle. The materialism in which the wealthy wallow is surely no cure-all for this crime-plagued Republic. But the sincere Christians who are disproportionately among the lower class understand Christs teachings that, while it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle that for a rich man to enter heaven, it is equally true that the poor will always be among us-by definition, since poverty is relative. There are many factors that help to frame behavior and lead to the bad decisions that result in a life of poverty: anti-education peer pressure, a subculture of predatory sex, etc. One especially important factor is short time horizons, an unwillingness to defer present gain for possibly greater income in the future. The same short time horizons that often condemn the relative poor to their status mean that, at the margin, these Americans will generally not fare as well as others in any economic competition. Poverty, then, often serves as a reliable indicator of who is most likely to give in to criminal temptation, since the same qualities that predispose one to bad economic decisions.
The New Noble Savage
Race and crime in America
Blacks are the victims of White crime only 2% of the time while whites are victims of black crime 85% of the time. Almost 50% of all rapes committed by blacks are against White women. It is almost unheard of for White male to rape a black woman. The statistics on Whites raping black women are so minute that they cannot be accurately figured.
"Crime disrupts the lives of more than just its immediate victims. Crimes multiplier effect on the economy, for instance, is enormous and growing. Although private crime control industries (security-systems vendors, security-guard firms, gun manufacturers) have done a brisk business in the wake of the current crime surge, the economy as a whole has taken it on the chin. One "conservative" estimate found that crime costs American business $128 billion annually in direct losses, litigation expenses and security outlays. This represents about 69% of all after-tax corporate profits in America. Since companies pass virtually all of these costs on to the consumer through higher prices, the estimated annual "crime tax" that results is $1,376 for every American household. The direct cost of crime consumes 2.3 percent of Americas entire gross domestic product, diverting money into security apparatuses and insurance that could otherwise be invested in research and development to improve the nations international competitiveness. One source estimates the average psychological cost of crimes against Americans at $16,000 per assault, $19,000 per robbery and $54,000 per attempted or completed rape, which, if included in the calculations, would make the nations loss to crime of still greater proportions. When all of the direct and indirect financial costs are taken into account, crime costs Americans an estimated $425 billion a year.
Crime and the Sacking of America
"Crime may not be justifiable, but it is preventable-by a more equitable and humane management of the nation's economy. Crime overwhelmingly reflects the conditions under which people grow up. Our prisons are not filled with middle-class persons who went bad. People with a good job and a comfortable home may occasionally break the law, but they do not account for the explosion of violence that threatens our society.
Rather than seeking to prevent crime by creating a society based on the principle of inclusions, we have been driven to a war against those who have been excluded. In the course of fighting this war, we have abandoned one after another of the core values that formerly defined our society. Law enforcement has been degraded by the use of informers, entrapment, and paid witnesses. The Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures, the Fifth Amendment's guarantee of a fair trial, and the Sixth Amendment's assurance of the right to defense counsel have all been compromised by the U.S. Supreme Court under pressure to "win the war." Vague and sweeping catch-all laws have been passed, such as the federal RICO statute, which would have surely been deemed unconstitutionally broad by an earlier and more independent Supreme Court. A single crime can be multiplied into many offenses at the discretion of prosecutors, greatly increasing the penalties. Most defendants never get a trial, but are intimidated into pleading guilty by lack of funds to defend themselves plus the threat of much heavier punishment if they insist on a trial.
Many defendants cannot afford a lawyer, and those lawyers who serve as appointed defenders have shockingly insufficient financial resources to conduct an adequate defense. Recent laws allow the prosecution to seize the assets of the defendant in advance of trial, including the money needed to pay for a defense. Asset-seizure laws have become a potent temptation to corruption because the seized assets, including automobiles, boats, and homes, may then be used by law enforcement agencies, giving them a pecuniary motive for overreaching. Undercover informants are paid to entice people into committing crimes for which they can then be arrested. Large sums of money are paid to prosecution witnesses for their testimony, and witnesses are also promised leniency in their own cases in return for testifying the way the prosecution wants. Stephen B. Bright, director of the Southern Center for Human Rights, has documented how poor defendants in death penalty cases are often assigned totally inexperienced, incompetent, and sometimes even intoxicated lawyers for their defense."
Charles A Reich
Opposing the System
********************
Book: "Violence: Our Deadly Epidemic and its Causes" by James Gilligan
Book: "More Guns, Less Crime" by John R. Lott
Book: The World's Greatest Crooks, Crime and Corruption"
Book: "The World's Most Infamous Killers
Book: "The World's Greatest Crooks, Crime and Corruption"
Book: "Serpentine" by Thomas Thompson
Book: "Wages of Crime" by R.T. Taylor
Book: "The Criminal Mind: A Writer's Guide to Forensic Psychology" by Katherine Ramsland
Book: "Inside the Criminal Mind, Revised Edition" by Stanton E. Samenow
Book: Catching the Killers: The Definitive History of Criminal Defection" by James Morton
Book: The Merger: How Organized Crime Is Taking Over Canada and the World": by Jeffrey Robinson
Book: "Robbing Banks: An American History, 1831-1999" by L.R. Kirchner
Book: "HOWDUNNIT;How Crimes are Committed and Solved" Ed. by John Boerttein
Book:: "Professional Criminals of America" by Thomas Byrnes
Book: "Serpentine" by Thomas Thompson
Book: "Drug Warriors and Their Prey: From Police Power to Police State" by Richard Lawrence Miller
Book: "Cops, Crooks, and Criminologists: An International Biographical Dictionary of Law Enforcement" by Alan Axelrod
Book: "Flim-Flam Man" by Jennifer Vogel
Book: "Badfellas: Crime, Tradition and New Masculinities" by Simon Winlow
Book: "Never Die Alone" by Donald Goines
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